Biotechnology and Its Applications NEET PYQs (2005–2026) with Solutions

10 solved Biotechnology and Its Applications PYQs

Real NEET and AIPMT questions from this chapter, newest first. Try each one, then open the answer and the step-by-step explanation.

1. Question 1 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026EasyBt toxin and pest-resistant plants

   The inactive form of Bt toxin is converted to the active form in the insect gut _______

   1. AOption A: due to alkaline pH
   2. BOption B: due to acidic pH
   3. COption C: by proteases
   4. DOption D: by nucleases

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (A) due to alkaline pH

   Explanation

   Bacillus thuringiensis forms protein crystals containing a toxic insecticidal protein. The toxin exists in the bacterium as an inactive protoxin. Once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into the active form due to the alkaline pH of the insect gut, which solubilises the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells, creates pores, causes the cells to swell and lyse, and kills the insect. So the conversion is due to alkaline pH, option (A).

2. Question 2 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026EasyTransgenic Animals

   The human protein named α-1-antitrypsin, obtained from transgenic animals, is used for the treatment of ______.

   1. AOption A: Emphysema
   2. BOption B: Alzheimer’s disease
   3. COption C: Rheumatoid arthritis
   4. DOption D: Cystic fibrosis

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (A) Emphysema

   Explanation

   α-1-antitrypsin produced using transgenic animals is used in treatment of emphysema caused by deficiency of this protein.

3. Question 3 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026MediumMicrobes in Human Welfare - Bioactive Molecules

   Match List I with List II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
   2. BOption B: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
   3. COption C: A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
   4. DOption D: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (D) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

   Explanation

   Streptokinase acts as a clot buster, statins lower blood cholesterol, lipases are used in detergents and Cyclosporin A is an immunosuppressive agent.

4. Question 4 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026MediumBt Crops

   The toxin proteins isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, coded by which genes control cotton bollworms and corn borer, respectively?

   1. AOption A: cryIAc and cryIAb
   2. BOption B: cryIAc and cryIIAb
   3. COption C: cryIIAb and cryIAc
   4. DOption D: cryIAc and cryIIIAb

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (A) cryIAc and cryIAb

   Explanation

   The Bt toxin genes cryIAc and cryIIAb are used against cotton bollworms and corn borer respectively.

5. Question 5 (NEET 2025)

   NEET 2025MediumAgriculture

   Given below are two statements : Statement I : Transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNA do not interact with mRNA. Statement II : RNA interference (RNAi) takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
   2. BOption B: Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
   3. COption C: Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
   4. DOption D: Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (D) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

   Explanation

   tRNA and rRNA interact with mRNA during translation, so Statement I is incorrect. RNA interference is a cellular defence mechanism found in eukaryotes, so Statement II is correct.

6. Question 6 (NEET 2025)

   NEET 2025EasyMedicine

   Which of the following genetically engineered organisms was used by Eli Lilly to prepare human insulin?

   1. AOption A: Bacterium
   2. BOption B: Yeast
   3. COption C: Virus
   4. DOption D: Phage

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (A) Bacterium

   Explanation

   Eli Lilly used genetically engineered Escherichia coli bacteria to produce human insulin.

7. Question 7 (NEET 2025)

   NEET 2025EasyMicrobes in Human Welfare

   Identify the part of a bio-reactor which is used as a foam breaker from the given figure.

   1. AOption A: A
   2. BOption B: B
   3. COption C: D
   4. DOption D: C

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (D) C

   Explanation

   In a stirred tank bioreactor, the foam breaker is located near the top region of the reactor to prevent excessive foam formation during fermentation. In the given diagram, label C represents the foam breaker.

8. Question 8 (NEET 2023)

   NEET 2023EasyEnzymes and Enzyme Inhibition

   Given below are two statements: Statement I: Low temperature preserves the enzyme in a temporarily inactive state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are denatured by heat. Statement II: When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
   2. BOption B: Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
   3. COption C: Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
   4. DOption D: Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (A) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.

   Explanation

   Low temperature temporarily inactivates enzymes while high temperature denatures proteins and destroys enzyme activity. Competitive inhibitors resemble the substrate structurally and compete for the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, both statements are true.

9. Question 9 (NEET 2022)

   NEET 2022MediumPrinciples and Processes of Biotechnology – Genome Annotation

   If a geneticist uses the blind approach for sequencing the whole genome of an organism, followed by assignment of function to different segments, the methodology adopted by him is called:

   1. AOption A: Bioinformatics
   2. BOption B: Sequence annotation
   3. COption C: Gene mapping
   4. DOption D: Expressed sequence tags

   Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

   Correct answer: (B) Sequence annotation

   Explanation

   Sequence annotation involves assigning functional information to genomic sequences after sequencing.

10. Question 10 (NEET 2022)

    NEET 2022HardGene Therapy

    In gene therapy of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, the patient requires periodic infusion of genetically engineered lymphocytes because:

    1. AOption A: Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal cells
    2. BOption B: Retroviral vector is introduced into these lymphocytes
    3. COption C: Gene isolated from marrow cells producing ADA is introduced into cells at embryonic stages
    4. DOption D: Lymphocytes from patient's blood are grown in culture, outside the body

    Show answer & explanationHide answer & explanation

    Correct answer: (A) Genetically engineered lymphocytes are not immortal cells

    Explanation

    Engineered lymphocytes have limited lifespan and are not immortal, requiring repeated infusion for sustained ADA production.