NEET Biology · Flashcards
This deck has 21 flashcards on Ecology & Environment for NEET Biology, from NCERT Class 12. It covers the NCERT chapters Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem and Biodiversity and Conservation.
Mastering Class 12 Ecology, including Population Interactions, Ecosystem Dynamics, and Biodiversity Conservation with visual aids.
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Card 1 of 21
State Gause's 'Competitive Exclusion Principle'.
Hint: Think of two species fighting for the exact same niche.
Answer
It states that two closely related species competing for the same limited resources cannot co-exist indefinitely, and the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.
Card 2 of 21
Differentiate between Commensalism and Amensalism with respect to species interaction (+, -, 0).
Hint: 0 means neutral. + is benefit, - is harm.
Answer
Commensalism (+, 0): One species benefits, the other is neither harmed nor benefited (e.g., Egret and grazing cattle). Amensalism (-, 0): One species is harmed, the other is neither harmed nor benefited (e.g., Penicillium mold secreting penicillin that kills bacteria).
Card 3 of 21
What is Brood Parasitism? Give a classic example.
Hint: Tricking another bird into being a babysitter.
Answer
A type of parasitism where the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host incubate them. Example: The Asian Koel laying eggs in the nest of a Crow.
Card 4 of 21
What do the three shapes of Age Pyramids (Triangular, Bell-shaped, Urn-shaped) indicate about a population's growth status?
Hint: Base width represents the youngest generation.
Answer
Card 5 of 21
Write the integral form of the Exponential Growth Equation and state what 'r' represents.
Hint: J-shaped curve equation.
Answer
Equation: dN/dt = rN (Integral form: N_t = N_0 e^{rt}). 'r' is the 'intrinsic rate of natural increase', a highly important parameter assessing impacts of any biotic/abiotic factor on population growth.
Card 6 of 21
What is the equation for Logistic Growth, and what is 'K'?
Hint: Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth (S-shaped curve).
Answer
Card 7 of 21
Differentiate between Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP).
Hint: Net is what's left over after the plant's own energy use.
Answer
GPP: Total rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis by producers. NPP: The biomass available for the consumption to heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers). Formula: NPP = GPP - R (where R is Respiration losses).
Card 8 of 21
List the sequential steps involved in the process of Decomposition.
Hint: F-L-C-H-M (Fast Lions Catch Heavy Mice).
Answer
1. Fragmentation (detritivores break down detritus) 2. Leaching (water-soluble nutrients seep into soil) 3. Catabolism (bacterial/fungal enzymes degrade detritus) 4. Humification (accumulation of dark, resistant humus) 5. Mineralisation (release of inorganic nutrients).
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