Excretory Products and Their Elimination NEET PYQs (2005–2026) with Solutions

10 solved Excretory Products and Their Elimination PYQs

Real NEET and AIPMT questions from this chapter, newest first. Try each one, then open the answer and the step-by-step explanation.

1. Question 1 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026MediumRegulation of Kidney Function

   Arrange the following events occurring in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in the correct order: A. Increase in blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate B. Reabsorption of Na⁺ and water from distal parts of tubule due to Aldosterone C. Fall in glomerular filtration rate D. Vasoconstriction by Angiotensin II and release of Aldosterone E. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I, followed by Angiotensin II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: A, C, E, B, D
   2. BOption B: C, A, B, D, E
   3. COption C: A, D, B, E, C
   4. DOption D: C, E, D, B, A

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   Correct answer: (D) C, E, D, B, A

   Explanation

   A fall in GFR stimulates renin release → Angiotensinogen converts to Angiotensin II → vasoconstriction and aldosterone release → Na⁺ and water reabsorption increase → blood pressure and GFR rise.

2. Question 2 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026HardFunction of Henle's loop

   Which of the following statements about the reabsorption process in Henle's loop are correct? (a) The descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes. (b) Urine gets concentrated in Henle's loop. (c) Reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na^+}$ and water takes place in Henle's loop. (d) Active or passive transport of electrolytes occurs in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: (a) and (b) only
   2. BOption B: (b), (c) and (d) only
   3. COption C: (a), (b) and (c) only
   4. DOption D: (a), (b) and (d) only

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   Correct answer: (A) (a) and (b) only, (B) (b), (c) and (d) only, (C) (a), (b) and (c) only, (D) (a), (b) and (d) only

   Explanation

   NTA dropped this question (no option is correct), so every candidate got the marks. (a) is correct: NCERT states the descending limb of Henle's loop is permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes, so the filtrate gets concentrated as it moves down. (c) is correct: water is reabsorbed in the descending limb and electrolytes such as $\mathrm{Na^+}$ are reabsorbed in the ascending limb, so both are reabsorbed in Henle's loop (though NCERT notes reabsorption here is minimum). (d) is correct: the ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. (b) is doubtful: the filtrate is concentrated in the descending limb but diluted again in the ascending limb; the final concentration of urine happens in the collecting duct with help of the counter-current mechanism. The true set is (a), (c) and (d) (or all four if (b) is accepted), and neither combination appears among the options, which is why the question was dropped.

3. Question 3 (NEET 2026)

   NEET 2026EasyRegulation of Kidney Function

   The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in ______ related to the same nephron.

   1. AOption A: Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
   2. BOption B: Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
   3. COption C: Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole
   4. DOption D: Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

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   Correct answer: (D) Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole

   Explanation

   JGA is formed by specialized cells of the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole, helping regulate GFR and blood pressure.

4. Question 4 (NEET 2025)

   NEET 2025HardHuman Excretory System

   Which of the following diagrams is correct with regard to the proximal (P) and distal (D) tubule ?

   1. AOption A: Option (1)
   2. BOption B: Option (2)
   3. COption C: Option (3)
   4. DOption D: Option (4)

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   Correct answer: (B) Option (2)

   Explanation

   The proximal convoluted tubule mainly reabsorbs NaCl, HCO3⁻ and water, while the distal convoluted tubule is involved in selective secretion and absorption of ions such as K+ and H+. Therefore, option (B) is correct according to the answer key.

5. Question 5 (NEET 2024)

   NEET 2024MediumUrine Formation

   Given below are two statements : Statement I : In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes. Statement II : The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple cuboidal brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

   1. AOption A: Statement I is true but Statement II is false
   2. BOption B: Statement I is false but Statement II is true
   3. COption C: Both Statement I and Statement II are true
   4. DOption D: Both Statement I and Statement II are false

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   Correct answer: (D) Both Statement I and Statement II are false

   Explanation

   The descending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water and relatively impermeable to electrolytes, so Statement I is false. The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with simple cuboidal brush border epithelium that increases the surface area for reabsorption, so Statement II is true.

6. Question 6 (NEET 2024)

   NEET 2024MediumHuman Excretory System

   Choose the correct statement given below regarding juxta medullary nephron.

   1. AOption A: Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.
   2. BOption B: Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons.
   3. COption C: Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini.
   4. DOption D: Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla.

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   Correct answer: (A) Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla.

   Explanation

   Juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla and help in concentrating urine. Cortical nephrons are more numerous, and renal corpuscles are located in the cortex.

7. Question 7 (NEET 2023)

   NEET 2023MediumHuman Excretory System

   Given below are statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A: Nephrons are of two types: Cortical and Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. Reason R: Juxta medullary nephrons have short loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
   2. BOption B: Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
   3. COption C: A is true but R is false.
   4. DOption D: A is false but R is true.

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   Correct answer: (C) A is true but R is false.

   Explanation

   Nephrons are classified into cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons based on their position. Juxtamedullary nephrons possess a long loop of Henle, while cortical nephrons have a shorter loop. Hence Assertion A is true but Reason R is false.

8. Question 8 (NEET 2023)

   NEET 2023MediumHuman Excretory System

   Which of the following statements are correct? A. An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors. B. ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis. C. ANF causes vasodilation. D. ADH causes increase in blood pressure. E. ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

   1. AOption A: A and B only
   2. BOption B: B, C and D only
   3. COption C: A, B and E only
   4. DOption D: C, D and E only

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   Correct answer: (B) B, C and D only

   Explanation

   Excessive loss of body fluid activates osmoreceptors, not switches them off. ADH promotes water reabsorption and increases blood pressure. ANF causes vasodilation. ADH does not directly decrease GFR. Hence B, C and D are correct.

9. Question 9 (NEET 2022)

   NEET 2022MediumHuman Excretory System

   Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of pellet or paste by:

   1. AOption A: Pavo
   2. BOption B: Ornithorhynchus
   3. COption C: Salamandra
   4. DOption D: Hippocampus

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   Correct answer: (A) Pavo

   Explanation

   Birds such as Pavo (peacock) are uricotelic and excrete nitrogenous waste as semi-solid uric acid pellets or paste.

10. Question 10 (NEET 2018)

    NEET 2018MediumExcretory Disorders

    Match the items given in Column I with those in Column II and select the correct option given below:

    1. AOption A: Option (1)
    2. BOption B: Option (2)
    3. COption C: Option (3)
    4. DOption D: Option (4)

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    Correct answer: (C) Option (3)

    Explanation

    Glycosuria refers to the presence of glucose in urine. Gout occurs due to accumulation of uric acid crystals in joints. Renal calculi are crystallised salt deposits formed within the kidney. Glomerular nephritis is inflammation of glomeruli. Thus: - a → iv - b → i - c → ii - d → iii Hence, option (C) is correct.