Ecology And Environment PYQs

Epiphytes that are growing on a mango branch is an example of which of the following?

Which one of the following is an example of ex-situ conservation?

Given below are two statements : Statement I : The primary source of energy in an ecosystem is solar energy. Statement II : The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis in an ecosystem is called net primary productivity (NPP). In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Who is known as the father of Ecology in India?

Which of the following is the unit of productivity of an Ecosystem?

Given below are two statements : Statement I : Fig fruit is a non-vegetarian fruit as it has enclosed fig wasps in it. Statement II : Fig wasp and fig tree exhibit mutual relationship as fig wasp completes its life cycle in fig fruit and fig gets pollinated by fig wasp. In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Match List I with List II : Choose the option with all correct matches.

Which one of the following equations represents the Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth of population?

List of endangered species was released by-

The type of conservation in which the threatened species are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care is called;

The equation of Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth is $\frac{dN}{dt} = rN\left[\frac{K-N}{K}\right]$ From this equation, K indicates:

These are regarded as major causes of biodiversity loss: A. Over exploitation B. Co-extinction C. Mutation D. Habitat loss and fragmentation E. Migration Choose the correct option:

Tropical regions show greatest level of species richness because A. Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years, hence more time was available for species diversification. B. Tropical environments are more seasonal. C. More solar energy is available in tropics. D. Constant environments promote niche specialization. E. Tropical environments are constant and predictable. Choose the correct answer from the options below:

Match List I with List II Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

In an ecosystem if the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of first trophic level is $100x\,(kcal\ m^{-2})\,yr^{-1}$ what would be the GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) of the third trophic level of the same ecosystem?

Given below are two statements : Statement I : Gause’s competitive exclusion principle states that two closely related species competing for different resources cannot exist indefinitely. Statement II : According to Gause’s principle, during competition, the inferior will be eliminated. This may be true if resources are limiting. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements : Statement I : The nutrient deficient water bodies lead to eutrophication. Statement II : Eutrophication leads to decrease in the level of oxygen in the water bodies. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Among ‘The Evil Quartet’, which one is considered the most important cause driving extinction of species?

Identify the correct statements : A. Detritivores perform fragmentation. B. The humus is further degraded by some microbes during mineralization. C. Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil and get precipitated by a process called leaching. D. The detritus food chain begins with living organisms. E. Earthworms break down detritus into smaller particles by a process called catabolism. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The thickness of ozone in a column of air in the atmosphere is measured in terms of :

The historic Convention on Biological Diversity, 'The Earth Summit' was held in Rio de Janeiro in the year :

In the equation GPP − R = NPP GPP is Gross Primary Productivity NPP is Net Primary Productivity R here is ________.

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct?

Match List I with List II : Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements : Statement I : Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’ states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually. Statement II : In general, carnivores are more adversely affected by competition than herbivores. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following statements is correct?

Match List I with List II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Match List I with List II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Which of the following is not a method of ex situ conservation?

Which one of the following statements cannot be connected to Predation?

Given below are two statements: Statement I: Decomposition is a process in which the detritus is degraded into simpler substances by microbes. Statement II: Decomposition is faster if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation, alien species invasion and co-extinction are causes for:

Which one of the following will accelerate phosphorus cycle?

While explaining interspecific interaction of population, (+) sign is assigned for beneficial interaction, (−) sign is assigned for detrimental interaction and (0) for neutral interaction. Which of the following interactions can be assigned (+) for one species and (−) for another species involved in the interaction?

Detritivores breakdown detritus into smaller particles. This process is called:

If 8 Drosophila in a laboratory population of 80 died during a week, the death rate in the population is ______ individuals per Drosophila per week.

In-situ conservation refers to:

Given below are two statements: Statement I: In a scrubber the exhaust from the thermal plant is passed through electric wires to charge the dust particles. Statement II: Particulate matter (PM 2.5) cannot be removed by scrubber but can be removed by an electrostatic precipitator. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Which of the following statements is not correct?

In the equation GPP - R = NPP, R represents:

The amount of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium present in the soil at any given time is referred as:

Dobson units are used to measure thickness of:

Match List-I with List-II: Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Assertion (A): A person goes to high altitude and experiences 'altitude sickness' with symptoms like breathing difficulty and heart palpitations. Reason (R): Due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude, the body does not get sufficient oxygen. Choose the correct answer:

Which of the following is not an attribute of a population?

According to Robert May, the global species diversity is about:

Which of the following regions of the globe exhibits highest species diversity?

Montreal protocol was signed in 1987 for control of

Match the trophic levels with their correct species examples in grassland ecosystem. Select the correct option.

In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements is correct?

Western Ghats have a large number of plant and animal species that are not found anywhere else. Which of the following terms will you use to notify such species?

Which of the following statements about ozone is correct?

Which of the following is an innovative remedy for plastic waste?

Between which among the following, the relationship is not an example of commensalism?

If an agricultural field is liberally irrigated for a prolonged period of time, it is likely to face a problem of:

Carnivorous animals - lions and leopards, occupy the same niche but lions predate mostly larger animals and leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of competition is referred to as-

Decline in the population of Indian native fishes due to introduction of Clarias gariepinus in river Yamuna can be categorised as

Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when

Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?

Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical layers depending on their height can be seen best in

The region of Biosphere Reserve which is legally protected and where no human activity is allowed is known as

Which one of the following statements is not valid for aerosols?

Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores and show vivipary belong to

Alexander Von Humboldt described for the first time

Which one of the following is related to $Ex\text{-}situ$ conservation of threatened animals and plants?

How many hotspots of biodiversity in the world have been identified till date by Norman Myers?

The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are

Which of the following is correct for r-selected species?

If '+' sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, '-' sign to detrimental interaction and '0' sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction represented by '+' '-' refers to

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Red list contains data or information on

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) may not be a good index for pollution for water bodies receiving effluents from

The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

Which of the following National Parks is home to the famous musk deer or hangul?

A lake which is rich in organic waste may result in

The highest DDT concentration in aquatic food chain shall occur in

Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are:

An association of individuals of different species living in the same habitat and having functional interactions is:

In which of the following both pairs have correct combination:

In which of the following interactions both partners are adversely affected?

The species confined to a particular region and not found elsewhere is termed as:

Eutrophication of water bodies leading to killing of fishes is mainly due to non-availability of:

Acid rain is caused by increase in the atmospheric concentration of:

Increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels is known as:

During ecological succession:

Which of the following are most suitable indicators of SO₂ pollution in the environment?

The UN Conference of Parties on climate change in the year 2012 was held at:

An example of ex situ conservation is:

A location with luxuriant growth of lichens on the trees indicates that the:

Match the following and select the correct option:

A species facing extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future is called:

The zone of atmosphere in which the ozone layer is present is called:

The organization which publishes the Red List of species is:

Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold northern regions move to:

Given below is a simplified model of phosphorus cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem with four blanks (A-D). Identify the blanks:

A scrubber in the exhaust of a chemical industrial plant removes:

If 20 J of energy is trapped at producer level, then how much energy will be available to peacock as food in the following chain? plant → mice → snake → peacock

The Indian Rhinoceros is a natural inhabitant of which one of the Indian states?

When domestic sewage mixes with river water :

Which of the following representations shows the pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem?

Study the cycle shown below and select the option which gives correct words for all the four blanks A, B, C and D.

Which one of the following is the correct percentage of the two (out of the total of greenhouse gases) that contribute to the total global warming?

Quercus species are the dominant component in

About 70% of total global carbon is found in

Which one of the following is not observed in biodiversity hotspots?

World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002) was held in

The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in nature is due to their

Consider the following statements concerning food chains: (a) Removal of 80% tigers from an area resulted in greatly increased growth of vegetation (b) Removal of most of the carnivores resulted in an increased population of deer (c) The length of food chains is generally limited to 3-4 trophic levels due to energy loss (d) The length of food chains may vary from 2 to 8 trophic levels Which two of the above statements are correct?

According to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), which particulate size in diameter (in micrometres) of the air pollutants is responsible for greatest harm to human health?

The table below gives the populations (in thousands) of ten species (A-J) in four areas (a-d) consisting of the number of habitats given within brackets against each. Study the table and answer the question which follows. Which area out of a to d shows maximum species diversity?

A lake near a village suffered heavy mortality of fishes within a few days. Consider the following reasons for this: (a) Lots of urea and phosphate fertilizer were used in the crops in the vicinity (b) The area was sprayed with DDT by an aircraft (c) The lake water turned green and stinky (d) Phytoplankton populations in the lake declined initially thereby greatly reducing photosynthesis Which two of the above were the main causes of fish mortality in the lake?

Consider the following four statements (a-d) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rat. (a) They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine (b) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs (c) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water (d) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?

At which latitude does heat gain through insolation approximately equal heat loss through terrestrial radiation?

Prolonged liberal irrigation of agricultural fields is likely to create the problem of:

According to IUCN Red List what is the status of red panda (Ailurus fulgens)?

More than 70% of world's freshwater is contained in:

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

One of the most important functions of botanical gardens is that:

Animals have the innate ability to escape from predation. Examples for the same are given below. Select the incorrect example:

Biodiversity Act of India was passed by the Parliament in the year:

Identify the correctly matched pair:

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?